The numerous mythological versions, to which the birth of the Games is attributed either go back to ancient Greek religion that imparts prestige to them, or reflect historical changes in the wider region of Olympia. The neighbouring city-states of Elis and Pisa competed with each other for control over the sanctuary of Olympia and claimed the foundation of this glorious athletic event with its religious, political and financial implications, adopting analogous mythological traditions as well as divine or heroic figures as patrons of the Games.

The rich mythological references make up a fascinating background to the sacred site of Olympia and the physical and intellectual supremacy it fostered, and manifest the significance attached to it at local and Panhellenic level.